URL 编码的主体
默认情况下,axios 将 JavaScript 对象序列化为 JSON
。要改为以 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
格式发送数据,你可以使用以下方法之一。
¥By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to JSON
. To send data in the application/x-www-form-urlencoded
format instead, you can use one of the following approaches.
浏览器
¥Browser
在浏览器中,你可以按如下方式使用 URLSearchParams
API:
¥In a browser, you can use the URLSearchParams
API as follows:
const params = new URLSearchParams();
params.append('param1', 'value1');
params.append('param2', 'value2');
axios.post('/foo', params);
请注意,并非所有浏览器都支持
URLSearchParams
(请参阅 caniuse.com),但有一个 polyfill 可用(确保填充全局环境)。¥Note that
URLSearchParams
is not supported by all browsers (see caniuse.com), but there is a polyfill available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).
或者,你可以使用 qs
库对数据进行编码:
¥Alternatively, you can encode data using the qs
library:
const qs = require('qs');
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));
或者以另一种方式(ES6),
¥Or in another way (ES6),
import qs from 'qs';
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
const options = {
method: 'POST',
headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
data: qs.stringify(data),
url,
};
axios(options);
Node.js
查询字符串
¥Query string
在 node.js 中,你可以像下面这样使用 querystring
模块:
¥In node.js, you can use the querystring
module as follows:
const querystring = require('querystring');
axios.post('http://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));
或 'url 模块' 中的 'URLSearchParams',如下所示:
¥or 'URLSearchParams' from 'url module' as follows:
const url = require('url');
const params = new url.URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
axios.post('http://something.com/', params.toString());
你还可以使用 qs
库。
¥You can also use the qs
library.
注意:如果你需要对嵌套对象进行字符串化,则
qs
库更可取,因为querystring
方法在该用例 (https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665) 中存在已知问题。¥Note: The
qs
library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as thequerystring
method has known issues with that use case (https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665).
🆕 自动序列化
¥🆕 Automatic serialization
如果 content-type
标头设置为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
,axios 会自动将数据对象序列化为 urlencoded 格式。
¥Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type
header is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded
.
这在浏览器和 node.js
中都有效:
¥This works both in the browser and in node.js
:
const data = {
x: 1,
arr: [1, 2, 3],
arr2: [1, [2], 3],
users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
};
await axios.post('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
{headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
);
服务器将处理它作为
¥The server will handle it as
{
x: '1',
'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
'arr2[0]': '1',
'arr2[1][0]': '2',
'arr2[2]': '3',
'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
}
如果你的服务器框架的请求主体解析器(如 body-parser
或 express.js
)支持嵌套对象解码,你将自动收到与你提交的相同的服务器对象。
¥If your server framework's request body parser (like body-parser
of express.js
) supports nested objects decoding,
you will automatically receive the same server object that you submitted.
回声服务器示例(express.js
):
¥Echo server example (express.js
) :
var app = express();
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support url-encoded bodies
app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
});
server = app.listen(3000);